The id attribute is the QIF id of the characteristic, used for referencing.
Source
<xs:complexType name="WeldEdgeCharacteristicDefinitionType"><xs:annotation><xs:documentation>The WeldEdgeCharacteristicDefinitionType defines information that can be common to more than one edge weld characteristic.</xs:documentation></xs:annotation><xs:complexContent><xs:extension base="WeldCharacteristicDefinitionBaseType"/></xs:complexContent></xs:complexType>