The id attribute is the QIF id of the characteristic, used for referencing.
Source
<xs:complexType name="WeldBevelCharacteristicMeasurementType"><xs:annotation><xs:documentation>The WeldBevelCharacteristicMeasurementType specifies the results of a measured weld bevel characteristic evaluation.</xs:documentation></xs:annotation><xs:complexContent><xs:extension base="WeldGrooveCharacteristicMeasurementType"/></xs:complexContent></xs:complexType>