The id attribute is the QIF id of the characteristic, used for referencing.
Source
<xs:complexType name="UserDefinedMassCharacteristicMeasurementType"><xs:annotation><xs:documentation>The UserDefinedMassCharacteristicMeasurementType is a characteristic measurement specified by the user that is measured in mass units.</xs:documentation></xs:annotation><xs:complexContent><xs:extension base="MassCharacteristicMeasurementBaseType"/></xs:complexContent></xs:complexType>