The id attribute is the QIF id of the characteristic, used for referencing.
Source
<xs:complexType name="AngleCharacteristicMeasurementType"><xs:annotation><xs:documentation>The AngleCharacteristicMeasurementType defines the results of a measured angle characteristic evaluation.</xs:documentation></xs:annotation><xs:complexContent><xs:extension base="AngularCharacteristicMeasurementBaseType"/></xs:complexContent></xs:complexType>